This section shows how to send requests by using cURL.

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You can also use Rackspace Cloud API services by using the following methods:

If you are developing applications or automation, see the OpenStack client applications.

For API development, testing, and workflow management in a graphical environment, try interacting with the API by using an application such as Postman or RESTClient for Firefox.

cURL is a command-line tool that you can use to interact with REST interfaces. cURL lets you transmit and receive HTTP requests and responses from the command line or a shell script, which enables you to work with the API directly. cURL is available for Linux® distributions, Mac OS X®, and Microsoft Windows®. For information about cURL, see http://curl.haxx.se/.

To run the cURL request examples shown in this guide on Mac OS X or another Linux-based operating system, you should be able to copy each example directly to the command line or a script.

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If you are using Microsoft Windows, you need to adjust the cURL examples to run them. See Convert cURL examples to run on Windows .

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The cURL examples in this guide are provided for reference only. Because the use of cURL has environmental dependencies, copying and pasting the examples might not work in your environment.

The following example shows a cURL command for sending an authentication request to the Identity service.

Example: cURL command for sending a JSON request

$ curl https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0/tokens  \
   -X POST \
   -d
   '{"auth":{"RAX-KSKEY:apiKeyCredentials":{"username":"yourUserName","api
   Key":"$apiKey"}}}' \
   -H "Content-type: application/json" | python -m json.tool

In this example, $apiKey is an environment variable that stores your API key value. Environment variables make it easier to reference account information in API requests, to reuse the same cURL commands with different credentials, and to keep sensitive information like your API key from being exposed when you send requests to Rackspace Cloud API services. For details about creating environment variables, see Configure environment variables.

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The cURL request examples use a backslash (\) as a line-continuation symbol, which allows the command to continue across multiple lines.

The cURL examples in this guide use the following command-line options.

Option	Description
-d	Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server. Use this option to send a JSON request body to the server.
-H	Specifies an extra HTTP header in the request. You can specify any number of extra headers. Precede each header with the `-H` option. Common headers in Rackspace API requests are as follows: `Content-Type`: Required for operations with a request body. Specifies the format of the request body. Following is the syntax for the header where format is `json`: Content-Type: application/json `X-Auth-Token`: Required. Specifies the authentication token. `X-Auth-Project-Id`: Optional. Specifies the project ID, which can be your account number or another value. `Accept`: Optional. Specifies the format of the response body. Following is the syntax for the header where the format is `json`, which is the default: Accept: application/json
-i	Includes the HTTP header in the output.
-s	Specifies silent or quiet mode, which makes cURL mute. No progress or error messages are shown. If your cURL command is not generating any output, try replacing the `-s` option with `-i`.
-T	Transfers the specified local file to the remote URL.
-X	Specifies the request method to use when communicating with the HTTP server. The specified method is used instead of the default method, which is GET.

For commands that return a response, you can use json.tool to pretty-print the output. Append the following command to the cURL call:

| python -m json.tool

To use json.tool, import the JSON module. For information about json.tool, see JSON encoder and decoder.

If you run a Python version earlier than 2.6, import the simplejson module and use simplejson.tool. For information about simplejson.tool, see simplejson encoder and decoder.

If you do not want to pretty-print JSON output, omit this code.

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If your request includes the -i option to show header output, do not try to pretty-print the output. Header information is not in JSON format, and the API service returns an error if you specify json.tool.

Convert cURL examples to run on Windows

The cURL examples in the Rackspace API documentation use syntax supported on Mac OS X, Linux, and UNIX systems. Microsoft Windows does not support the same format. However, you can run the examples on Windows after making the following changes:

Replace all the line-continuation backslash characters (\) with a caret (^), and remove any trailing spaces after the ^.
If an example includes JSON data, export the data to a text file. When you run the cURL command, use the @filename syntax to import the JSON data. Save the JSON data files in a directory, and run cURL commands from that directory.

The following example shows the cURL format for Linux and UNIX systems:

$ curl https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0/tokens  \
      -X POST \
      -d
      '{"auth":{"RAX-KSKEY:apiKeyCredentials":{"username":"yourUserName",
      "apiKey":"$apiKey"}}}' \
      -H "Content-type: application/json"

The following example shows the same request with the changes made for Windows systems:

$ curl https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0/tokens  ^
       -X POST ^
       -d @credentials.txt  ^
       -H "Content-type: application/json"